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Počítačová myš je vstupné zariadenie počítača (periféria počítača) slúžiace na ovládanie polohy kurzora na obrazovke a vykonávanie operácií tlačením tlačidiel. Pomocou myši ovládame programy rýchlejšie ako pomocou klávesnice. Užívateľ ju drží v ruke a pohybuje ňou po podložke. Pohyb myši je prenášaný pomocou špeciálnych snímačov na pohyb kurzora na monitore. Myš dostala svoje meno, pretože staršie modely s káblom vedúcim k počítaču pripomínali tohto hlodavca.
V dolnej časti myši je zariadenie, ktoré detekuje pohyb myši vzhľadom k vodorovnej podložke a následne tento pohyb prenáša na obrazovku počítača. Má spravidla dve tlačidlá (jedno na výber, jedno pre kontextové menu), prípadne je doplnená aj skrolovacím kolieskom (pre vertikálny pohyb v dokumentoch).
Ak chceme aktivovať vyznačenú funkciu, musíme stlačiť tlačidlo - väčšinou ľavé (používa sa termín "click"). Pomocou myši sa ľahko kreslí v grafických programoch. Činnosť myši musí byť zabezpečená zodpovedajúcim programovým vybavením, ktoré ale novšie operačné systémy automaticky doinštalujú pri pripojení myši k PC.
Význam myši vzrástol s rozšírením MS Windows, kde je myš základným ovládacím zariadením a prakticky sa bez nej nezaobídeme. Na trhu sú už i bezdrôtové myši, ktoré pracujú s infračerveným alebo rádiovým spojením.
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Optická myš |
Druhy počítačových myší:
- klasická - mechanicko-optická myš, ktorá umožňuje vstup dvojrozmernej informácie pomocou guličky umiestnenej v spodnej časti myši; rozlišovacia schopnosť: 200 - 2400 dpi. V súčasnosti už veľmi zriedkavá
- optická - gulička je nahradená dvojicou svetelného vysielača a prijímača (na báze LED-diód); vyžaduje jednofarebnú rovnú podložku
- ultrazvuková - pracuje na podobnom princípe ako optická, ale umožňuje aj trojrozmerný vstup; tretia súradnica je definovaná vzdialenosťou myši (jej zdvihnutím od podložky); rozlišovacia schopnosť okolo 6000 dpi
- laserová - používa laserového lúč a výkonnejší senzor, ktorý dovoľuje laserovej myši pracovať aj na takých povrchoch, kde optická myš už nie je použiteľná
Myš má dva druhy funkcií:
- pohybovú funkciu - Pri pohybe po podklade sa tým istým smerom premiestňuje kurzor.
- klávesové funkcie - Myš môže mať jeden až tri klávesy (neštandardné myši aj viac). Ich funkcie záležia výlučne od bežiaceho programu.
![]() |
Bezdrôtová myš |
Pripojenie myši k počítaču môže byť riešené:
- káblom - pôvodne napr. cez sériový port, PS/2, dnes najmä prostredníctvom USB
- bezdrôtovo - dnes najmä prostredníctvom bluetooth

Iné polohovacie zariadenia sú:
- Tablet – presnejšie polohovacie zariadenie vo forme pera
- Touchscreen - samotná zobrazovacia jednotka slúži ako polohovacie zariadenie, je potiahnuté vrstvou schopnou snímať pohyb prsta užívateľa a na základe toho meniť polohu ukazateľa na obrazovke, používa sa v rôznych informačných termináloch a pod.
Náhrady myši v prenosných zariadeniach:
- Trackball – guľôčka je zabudovaná v zariadení, otáča sa priamo prstom
- Trackpoint – hrubšia, nízka tyčinka uprostred klávesnice, ktorá nakláňaním prenáša pohyb kurzora
- Touchpad – plocha merajúca elektrickú kapacitu, posúvaním prstu po nej sa prenáša pohyb kurzora

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