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Rozhranie ATA (Advanced Technology Attachment)

Je to štandardná počítačová zbernica pre pripojovanie zariadení k uchovávaniu dát, vytvorená v roku 1986 firmou Western Digital. Existuje veľa termínov a synoným pre ATA, vrátane skratiek ako IDE, EIDE, ATAPI, PATA a UDMA. ATA štandard umožňuje použiť káble v dĺžkach od 450 do 900 mm (18 do 36 palcov). Kábel je 40 alebo 80 žilový, zakončený 40 pinovým konektorom. Napájací konektor je 4 pinový MOLEX.

ATA-1 – Prvý formálny štandard definujúci ATA. Bol predložený ANSI v roku 1990 ale publikovaný bol až v roku 1994. Definuje možnosť použiť dva pevné disky ako master a slave. Módy prenosu boli PIO 0/1/2 s rýchlosťami 3,3/5,2/8,3 MB/s, DMA 0/1/2 s rýchlosťami 2,1/4,2/8,3 MB/s a MDMA 0 s rýchlosťou 4,2 MB/s. Podporuje veľkosť disku do 137 GB. Od roku 1999 už nie je oficiálnym štandardom ANSI.

ATA-2 – 1996, bol vhodný pre skoré IDE/ATA pevné disky, lenže nedokázal podporovať rastúce nároky na veľkosť a výkon novších pevných diskov. Definuje vylepšenia oproti ATA1: blokový prenos, logické adresovanie blokov (LBA) a zlepšená identifikácia disku. Módy prenosu boli rýchlejšie, PIO 3/4 s rýchlosťami 11,1/16,6 MB/s a MDMA 1/2 s rýchlosťami 13,3/16,6 MB/s.

ATA-3 – 1997, menšie vylepšenie ktoré prišlo rýchlo po ATA2, vylepšeniami boli zvýšená spoľahlivosť, S.M.A.R.T a možnosť zabezpečenia.

ATA/ATAPI-4 – 1998, významnou funkciou boli Ultra DMA módy 0/1/ 2, definujúce rýchlosť prenosu 16,7/25/33,3 MB/s. Módy 0 a 1 sa prakticky nevyužívali, ale mód 2 zdvojnásobil najrýchlejší mód prenosu ktorý bol dovtedy k dispozícií. Chybne sa tieto disky nazývali aj Ultra ATA/33. Ďalšími vylepšeniami boli CRC, definovanie pokročilých príkazov a odstránenie zbytočných príkazov. Začal sa používať vysoko-výkonný 80 žilový IDE kábel.

ATA/ATAPI-5 – Nastalo ďalšie zdvojnásobenie rýchlosti pomocou Ultra DMA módov 3 a 4 s rýchlosťami 44,4 a 66,7 MB/s. Počas roku 1999 a začiatkom 2000 boli IDE/ATA disky podľa tohto štandardu najbežnejšími na trhu. Nový 80-žilový kábel bol povinným pre UDMA módy 3 a 4. Boli pridané nové príkazy pre napaľovačky.

ATA/ATAPI-6 – 2001, pridaný Ultra DMA mód 5 s rýchlosťou 100 MB/s. Nové funkcie boli rozšírenie logického adresovania blokov (LBA), zníženie hluku pevného disku a nové príkazy pre multimédiá. Podpora pevných diskov s veľkosťou 144 PB.

ATA/ATAPI-7 – 2003, pridaný Ultra DMA mód 6 s rýchlosťou 133 MB/s. Bolo to posledné rozšírenie pred vznikom Sériového ATA (SATA).

 

SATA (Serial ATA)

Najväčšiu zmenu prekonali káble. Sú ľahké a flexibilné, sedemžilové, ukončené 8 mm širokým konektorom na každej strane. Môžu byť až jeden meter dlhé. Serial ATA ruší zdieľanie zbernice (ako master/slave pri PATA) a dáva každému zariadeniu vlastný kábel. Konektory sú špeciálne tvarované tak, aby ich nebolo možné zapojiť do nesprávnej pozície. Dátová šírka je 1 bit. Konektor napájania je 15 pinový a je ľahko odlíšiteľný od dátového kábla, ktorý zabezpečuje napájanie viacerých voltáží - 3.3 V, 5 V a 12 V.

SATA – 2003, rýchlosť je 150 MB/s ale v praxi dosiahne iba 143MB/s, čo sa príliš nelíši od ATA/ATAPI-7. Okrem toho poskytuje funkciu NCQ, ktorá zlepšuje výkon v prostredí multitaskingu.

SATA2 – 2005, rýchlosť sa zdvojnásobila na 300MB/s (v praxi 286 MB/s). Je zachovaná spätná kompatibilita. Niektoré z nových funkcií sú: Hot plugging, Staggered Spin Up, NCQ, Port multipliers, Port selectors.

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